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“A blood test is a lab analysis of things that may be found in your blood. You may have blood tests to keep track of how well you are managing a condition, such as diabetes or high cholesterol. You may also have them for routine checkups or when you are ill.

Blood tests are very common. They are ordered by healthcare providers to:

• Find out how well organs, such as your kidneys, liver, heart, or thyroid are working
• Help diagnose diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS
• Find out if your medicine is working to make you better
• Diagnose bleeding or clotting disorders
• Find out if your immune system is having problems fighting infections
• Diagnose anemia, such as iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, or hemolytic anemia
• Find variations in hemoglobin, such as hemoglobin S, C, or E, which are common in people of African, Mediterranean, or Southeast Asian background
• Monitor chronic health conditions and diseases
• Find health problems in their early stages.” ^[1]

General Guidelines for Blood Test Frequency

” While individual needs vary, there are some general guidelines on how often you should get blood work done:

• Annual Check-Up: Most adults should have a routine blood test during their annual check-up. This can include tests for cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and other primary health indicators.
• Every 3-5 Years: If you are in good health and have no ongoing medical conditions, a more comprehensive blood panel might only be necessary every 3-5 years.
• Twice a Year: Getting blood work done twice a year is often recommended for those managing chronic conditions or taking medications requiring monitoring.
• More Frequently: If you are experiencing symptoms that could indicate a health issue, such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or persistent pain, your doctor may suggest more frequent blood tests.” ^[2]

Working with Patients with IDD

“IDD may affect an individual’s ability to communicate effectively, report medical conditions, self-regulate behaviors, and interact with others to get needs met. Simplifying language and using visual supports can improve communication between you and your patient with IDD.

All IDD people can benefit from an organized approach to routine clinic procedures. Patient flow, planning, and team communication can affect the experience that patients with IDD have in medical settings.” ^[3]

Accessibility and Convenience in Blood Testing

“In today’s world, accessibility to health services is crucial, and this includes blood testing. The landscape of how we conduct these tests has expanded significantly, offering several methods tailored to individual needs and preferences. One traditional route involves visiting a local laboratory. This ‘blood testing lab near me’ approach provides a personal touch where trained professionals can assist with blood draws, answer questions, and provide quick turnarounds in results. Many labs now also offer flexible hours and online result portals, which offer additional convenience to those with busy schedules or mobility challenges.

For those seeking even more convenience, at-home ‘blood testing kit’ options have emerged as a valuable resource. These kits can be ordered online and delivered right to your door, allowing you to perform necessary tests from the comfort of your home. This is especially beneficial for those with limited mobility or who may feel anxious about visiting medical facilities. After collecting the sample, you can send it back to a laboratory in pre-paid packaging, and results are often made available over secure online platforms. Through advancements in technology, these kits are designed to be user-friendly and provide clear, easy-to-understand results. More importantly, these innovations ensure that individuals and caregivers have the tools to monitor health regularly, empowering you to make informed health decisions. As technology continues to evolve, so do the methods and accuracy of blood testing, making it not only easier to access but also simpler to interpret over time.” ^[4]

Preparation

“People struggle with the new and unfamiliar.

Familiarizing a person with what is going to happen can help to reduce anxiety and prepare them for a blood test. The amount of preparation needed will be different from person to person; sometimes there is a fine line between preparing a person to allay their worries and unintentionally creating anxiety because the forthcoming procedure is being blown out of proportion.

There are tools that people have found useful in helping someone to prepare for a blood test; these include social stories, easy read information, photo books or films. Others may have their fears allayed by a trip to the doctor or hospital prior to a blood test.

Some hospitals have uploaded films to YouTube explaining what happens during a blood test. “^[5]

Blood tests play an important part in assessing, monitoring and treating the health of people. Therefore, it is important to find a way to make the procedure possible, even for people who are needle phobic and/or have disability

Resources

[1] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/blood-tes

[2] https://lagunabeachuc.com/how-often-should-you-get-blood-work-done

[3] https://vkc.vumc.org/assets/files/resources/needlestick-toolkit-providers.pdf

[4] https://treasurecoastdiagnosticlab.com/articles/why-is-blood-testing-important-for-overall-health 

[5] https://www.downs-syndrome.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/07.2020-Having-a-blood-test.pdf [6] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/blood-tests-and-people-with-learning-disabilities/blood-tests-for-people-with-learning-disabilities-making-reasonable-adjustments-guidance

“People with disabilities need health care and health programs for the same reasons anyone else does—to stay well, active, and a part of the community.

Having a disability does not mean a person is not healthy or that he or she cannot be healthy. Being healthy means the same thing for all of us—getting and staying well so we can lead full, active lives. That means having the tools and information to make healthy choices and knowing how to prevent illness.

For people with disabilities, it also means knowing that health problems related to a disability can be treated.” ^[1]

“People with disabilities have poorer health than the general population. Annual Health Checks have been introduced to improve morbidity and mortality in this group.” ^[2]

“People with disability do not always know when they are ill or need to see a doctor. They may not be able to tell people that they feel unwell or different.

During the check, the healthcare professional will ask the person about their lifestyle; what food they eat, whether they drink or smoke, and what exercise they do. The healthcare professional may recommend health tests, check for other illnesses and ask about known problems such as epilepsy.” ^[3]

The Annual Health Check is a chance for the doctor, the person with disability and those who support them (if relevant) to review the individual’s physical and mental health.” ^[3]

What happens during the annual health check?

“You might see different health professionals. These might include a doctor, a pharmacist, a nurse or a healthcare assistant. They have all had extra training to be able to do the health check.

During the health check, the health professional will:

• do a physical check-up, including weight, heart rate and blood pressure.
• they may ask to pee in a small pot for them to check your urine or ask you to have a blood test.
• talk about staying well and if you need any help with this.
• ask about things that can be more common if you have disability, such as epilepsy, constipation or problems with swallowing (dysphagia), or with your eyesight or hearing.
• talk to you about medicines to make sure the patient are being given the right medicines when needs them.
• check to see if vaccinations are up to date.
• check how you are feeling if you have a health problem such as asthma or diabetes.
• check to see if patient have any other health appointments.
• ask if the patient’s family or careers are getting the support they need.” ^[4]

How can DSPs help to make the Annual Health Check a positive experience? 

“It is Important that the person DSPs support; feels as relaxed as possible, is given time to talk about their concerns, and has someone present that they trust to support them if they choose.

• Try and help them to understand the importance of their Annual Health Check and to prepare for it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8407Uzys3E

• Try; talking to them about what they might like to ask the doctor, or how they feel about their health.
• When visiting the doctor’s surgery, we recommend speaking to the doctor or healthcare practitioner about the reasonable adjustments and support a person with learning disability might need to access health services more easily.” ^[3]

Making reasonable adjustments for disabled people

“The NHS has to make it as easy for disabled people to use health services as it is for people who are not disabled. This is called making reasonable adjustments.

Ask the doctor if patient need any reasonable adjustments, such as:

• using pictures, large print or simpler words to say what’s happening.
• booking longer appointments or having a carer with patient.
• putting an appointment at the beginning or end of the day, if patient find it hard to be in a busy waiting room.
• The reasonable adjustments you need should be written down in a health profile or health action plan that the doctor or nurse can use.” ^[4]

“It is important to make sure that clear actions come out of the Annual Health Check, which are agreed by the doctor and the person a DSP’s support. DSPs should be given a health action plan, which sets out; key actions to take, and helps to ensure there is ongoing support for the person’s health and wellbeing. It is helpful if these actions can be reviewed regularly to ensure progress is being made.” ^[3]

Resources

[1] https://www.cdc.gov/disability-and-health/health-well-being/index.html

[2] https://www.intellectualdisability.info/how-to-guides/articles/annual-health-checks-for-people-with-intellectual-disabilities-in-general-practice

[3] https://www.mencap.org.uk/advice-and-support/health/why-annual-health-checks-are-so-important-people-learning-disability

[4] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/learning-disabilities/annual-health-checks

“Many people think eye exams are only necessary when there’s a change in their vision. However, annual eye exams are a vital part of maintaining your eye health and overall well-being. At All About Eyes, we emphasize the importance of yearly eye exams to ensure your vision is clear and healthy.” ^[1]

How important are eye exams for adults with developmental disabilities? 

“As we age, our eyesight changes. Most of these changes are normal, age-related changes that do not present a serious threat to one’s well-being. However, as we live longer, more and more people will experience a significant impairment of their vision that will hinder their ability to function independently on a daily basis. It is very important that older adults see an eye care specialist on a regular basis since many causes of vision impairment are treatable and vision loss can often be prevented. 

Also, a change in a person’s behavior resulting from an undiagnosed vision problem could be mistaken for another serious problem, e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are critical for the person’s well-being as he ages.” ^[2] 

If an adult with a developmental disability does not read or do any close work using her eyes, is an eye exam still necessary?  “Yes, an eye exam will detect if the individual has an eye disease. Many treatable causes of vision loss are never apparent to someone looking from the outside, without the aid of special instruments. If left untreated, eye diseases can cause blindness or severe impairment which can interfere with an individual’s safety in walking, the ability to understand what is expected of her, or the enjoyment of her surroundings.” ^[2] 

People with an intellectual disability who are most at risk of sight problem 

“The fact that someone has a learning disability automatically increases his/her chance of experiencing a sight problem. However, there are specific groups of people within the intellectually disabled population who are particularly at risk of developing certain sight problems: 

People with Down’s syndrome often experience:  Refractive errors (the overall term used for conditions which affect focusing): 

• Hypermetropia – long-sightedness 
• Myopia – short-sightedness 
• Astigmatism – when the curve of the cornea is not symmetrical 
• Nystagmus – an involuntary movement of the eyes 
• Strabismus – squints 
• Cataracts – a clouding of the lens 
• Eye infections 
• Keratoconus – a condition where the cornea stretches causing the tissue to thin and the center to bulge.” ^[3] 

“People with cerebral palsy often experience: 

• Optic atrophy – damage to the optic nerve which is responsible for transporting visual information to the brain 
• Cortical blindness – sight problems (not necessarily a total loss) that are as a result of damage to the part of the brain that processes visual information 
• Nystagmus – an involuntary movement of the eyes 

People with Rubella syndrome often experience: 

• Congenital cataracts – clouding of the lens 
• Microphthalmos – small underdeveloped eyes 
• Inflammation of the iris (the colored part of the eye) 

People with Fragile X syndrome often experience: 

• Hypermetropia – long-sightedness 
• Strabismus – squints” ^[3]  

“People who communicate using behaviors that put their eyes at risk of damage:  For example: 

• People who bang their head or face slap 
• People who eye poke or eye rub” ^[3] 

“Older people often experience: 

• Presbyopia – age related long-sightedness 
• Difficulties with light/dark adaptation 
• Age related macular degeneration – damage to the macular which is the part of the retina responsible for central vision; the vision needed for detailed activities and color perception. 
• Cataracts – clouding of the lens 
• Glaucoma – caused by raised pressure in the eye.” 

“People from different ethnic origins may experience: 

• Glaucoma – more prevalent amongst Afro-Caribbean and Asian people 
• Sickle cell disease – this disease can cause problems in the retina and is more prevalent amongst Afro-Caribbean and Asian people 
• Lupus – this disease can cause light sensitivity and is more prevalent amongst Afro-Caribbean and Asian women 
• CMV retinitis – this is an eye infection affecting people with AIDS and is more prevalent amongst African people.” ^[3]  

People with diabetes often experience: 

• “Cataracts – clouding of the lens 
• Temporary blurring – when a person develops diabetes, they may have a period of blurred vision until the diabetes is under control 
• Diabetic retinopathy – this is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina and can affect vision in a number of ways.” ^[3] 

“Potential strategies for engaging the patient include: 

1. Interact in the waiting room first before transitioning to the exam room. 
2. Sing nursery rhymes. 
3. Playing a video of a favorite character on an acuity screen or phone. 
4. Give them something interesting to hold. 
5. Give plenty of positive reinforcement after checking for preferred methods (ex., high fives). 
6. Don’t be afraid to do appropriate testing in a non-exam chair if more comfortable for the patient. 
7. Redirect the patient to an interesting task or stimulus if they are distracted.
8. Talk about their favorite singer, celebrity, book, movie, etc.” ^[5]  

Recognizing the unique healthcare needs of patients with IDDs 

“It is vital to remember that each person with a disability is a unique human being, and it is impossible to generalize or universalize each person’s needs or characteristics. They are not defined by their disabilities, and they deserve a comprehensive eye exam to meet their visual needs. 

Terminology about disabilities continues to be an evolving topic. Some patients and their families may identify with the term “disability,” while others may see themselves as “differently abled.” The provider should follow their lead in referring to their abilities.” ^[4] 

“Continuous monitoring is vital to managing eye conditions effectively. It allows us to track changes in vision, adjust prescriptions as needed, and recommend necessary lifestyle adjustments. Routine check-ups help ensure that any assistive technology in use is well-suited to the current level of visual impairment, maintaining optimal vision and enhancing overall health.” ^[6]  

Resources 

[1] https://www.allabouteyes.com/2024/10/30/why-you-should-prioritize-regular-eye-exams/  

[2] https://disabilitynavigator.org/article/12513/aging-developmental-disabilities-changes-vision 

[3] https://www.intellectualdisability.info/physical-health/articles/sight-problems-and-people-with-intellectual-disabilities 

[4] https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/best-eye-exam-practices-for-patients-with-idds/ 

[5] https://eyesoneyecare.com/resources/addressing-binocular-vision-to-enhance-productivity/?utm_medium=eoe:infinite-scroll 

[6] https://nelowvision.com/why-regular-eye-exams-matter-for-those-with-visual-impairments 

“According to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) an individual with a disability is a person who: Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; has a record of such an impairment or is regarded as having such an impairment (Disability Discrimination). 

Furthermore, “A person is considered to have a disability if he or she has difficulty performing certain functions (seeing, hearing, talking, walking, climbing stairs and lifting and carrying), or has difficulty performing activities of daily living, or has difficulty with certain social roles (doing school work for children, working at a job and around the house for adults)” (Disabilities Affect One-Fifth of All Americans). Given this basic knowledge, it is easy to see how work to define invisible disability is both critical to helping so many who are overlooked but also daunting in scope.” ^[1]

“Invisible, or non-apparent, disabilities are physical, mental, or neurological conditions that can limit or challenge a person’s movements, senses, or activities, and can impact that person’s ability to learn or work.” ^[2]  

“About 25% of U.S. adults have a disability, and most invisible disability metrics in the U.S. say that roughly as high as 20% (or more) of Americans have an invisible disability. Further, most people who have a disability don’t use obvious assistive technology like a wheelchair or cane, and the vast majority of people with a serious condition or illness have a hidden one.” ^[5] 

It’s more likely, then, to meet someone with a hidden disability than an obvious one. 

What Are Some Invisible Disabilities? 

“Also called hidden or non-visible disabilities (NVD), invisible disabilities are conditions that significantly impair daily living activities yet are not immediately apparent to others. It’s a broad term that encompasses a wide range of health concerns and disorders. 

Roughly 10% of Americans have a medical condition that could be considered an invisible disability, according to a review by advocacy group Disabled World. Some invisible disabilities are: 

• Sitting disabilities. Chronic back pain may cause a person to experience severe discomfort when sitting for long periods or on hard surfaces. 

• Auditory disabilities. People who experience hearing loss but do not use hearing aids, or who use discreet hearing aids, may not appear to others to live with a disability. 

• Visual disabilities. People who experience vision loss but do not wear glasses, or who may wear contact lenses, may similarly appear to live without a disability.” ^[3]  

“Often, invisible disabilities are chronic illnesses. According to Disabled World, 96% of people with chronic medical conditions live with an invisible illness. These include: 

• Cancer 
• Chronic fatigue syndrome 
• Diabetes 
• Fibromyalgia 
• Arthritis 
• Endometriosis 
• Autoimmune disorders 
• Sleep disorders 
• Renal failure 
• Resources” ^[3]  

“Invisible disabilities can also include disorders that affect learning and cognition, including: 

• Autism spectrum disorder 
• ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) 
• Dyslexia” ^[3]  

People with invisible disabilities are protected by the ADA and entitled to accommodations 

“The ADA does not stipulate that a disability has to be visible for a person to receive protection from discrimination. Oftentimes, people with invisible disabilities face discrimination because there are many false assumptions about needed accommodations for this subset of the population. They have the same legal rights as other people with disabilities – rights to access, accommodations, and they are not to be discriminated against based on their disability.” ^[4]  

People of all ages have and can acquire invisible disabilities 

“Disability is unique because it is the only minority group that a person can join at any time in their life. That means that a child or adult could have a disability. Just like a physical disability can be obtained at any time in life, so can all other categories of disability. We often think of learning disabilities as only impacting children. There are countless numbers of adults that face challenges or use accommodations to function with their invisible disabilities. 

Invisible disabilities are everywhere. They affect millions of people. They should be held to the same standards and considerations as all other disabilities. No person should be discriminated against because of disability hidden or visible.” ^[4]  

“People with invisible disabilities may face challenges such as:  

• Being afraid to reveal their condition for fear of not being understood  
• Not wanting to be seen as sick  
• Feeling like they’ve missed out on life  
• Limited treatment options  
• Uncertainty about whether they’ll ever be healed  
• Feeling isolated or like a failure” ^[6] 

How we can help people with Invisible disabilities? 

“Here are some ways to help people with invisible disabilities: 

• Create a safe space: Encourage open communication and listen actively to their experiences.  
• Show empathy: Demonstrate empathy by listening, offering support, and acknowledging their experiences.  
• Provide reasonable accommodations: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that people with disabilities be provided with reasonable accommodations.  
• Educate yourself: Learn about the invisible disability.  
• Let them tell their own story: Encourage individuals with invisible disabilities to share their stories.  
• Practice the Golden Rule: Treat everyone as you would like to be treated.  
• Ask before giving assistance: Just because a person has a disability, they don’t necessarily need or want your assistance.  
• Think before you speak: Avoid showing pity or being patronizing.  

In the workplace, organizations can support employees with invisible disabilities by:  

• Normalizing conversations about disability  
• Offering flexible work options  
• Creating a culture of trust  
• Demonstrating fair and equitable supervisory practices  
• Putting tasks in writing  
• Installing adjustable lighting or obtaining ergonomic office furniture.” ^[6]  

“Everyone with a disability is different, with varying challenges and needs, as well as abilities and attributes. Thus, we all should learn to listen with our ears instead of judging with our eyes.” ^[1]  

Resources 

[1]  https://invisibledisabilities.org/what-is-an-invisible-disability/ 

[2] https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/what-know-about-invisible-disabilities 

[3] https://onlinedegrees.bradley.edu/blog/what-are-invisible-disabilities 

[4] https://www.accessliving.org/newsroom/blog/five-things-you-didnt-know-about-invisible-disabilities/ 

[5] https://www.accessibility.com/disabilities/invisible-disabilities 

[6] Google AI 

“The primary objective of adaptive fitness is to empower individuals with disabilities to achieve their fitness goals by tailoring exercises and workout plans to their unique needs. This type of fitness training promotes inclusivity, independence, and a sense of accomplishment among participants, regardless of their physical limitations.” ^[1]  

“According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, adults with disabilities should strive to get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity, aerobic activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.” ^[2] 

What is an adaptive training program? 

“Adaptive Training analyzes the details of your performance and adjusts your upcoming workouts to optimize your progress—challenging your strengths, improving your weaknesses, and preparing you for your goals.” ^[4]  

“Creating an adapted fitness exercise workout plan list is a crucial step towards promoting inclusivity in the realm of physical fitness. Tailoring workout routines to accommodate various abilities ensures that everyone, regardless of their physical challenges, can engage in a fitness regimen that suits their needs. The list may include low-impact exercises, seated workouts, and modified routines to cater to diverse mobility levels. By providing an array of options, individuals with different abilities can access the physical and mental health benefits of exercise, fostering a sense of empowerment and well-being. An adapted fitness plan not only promotes physical health but also sends a powerful message of inclusivity, encouraging a broader understanding of fitness that goes beyond conventional norms.” ^[5]  

“Here are some adaptive fitness exercises:  

• Cardio  High-intensity cardio exercises, like interval training or Tabata squats, can help with weight loss, mood, and strength.  

• Resistance bands  A good alternative to heavy weights, resistance bands can be used to strengthen muscles by pulling or pushing against them.  

• Stretching and yoga  These flexibility exercises can help improve range of motion and reduce pain and stiffness.  

Other adaptive fitness exercises include: 

• Sitting exercises 
• Wheelchair workouts 
• Wheelchair sprinting 

Wheelchair sports like basketball, netball, and badminton  It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional or certified exercise specialist to develop a safe and effective exercise program. 

How to exercise with an injury or disability 

“Since people with disabilities or long-term injuries have a tendency to live less-active lifestyles, it can be even more important for you to exercise on a regular basis. 

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, adults with disabilities should aim for: 

• At least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity cardiovascular activity (or a combination of both), with each workout lasting for at least 10 minutes. 

• Two or more sessions a week of moderate- or high-intensity strength-training activities involving all the major muscle groups. 

If your disability or injury makes it impossible for you to meet these guidelines, aim to engage in regular physical activity according to your ability, and avoid inactivity whenever possible.” ^[6] 

Adaptive fitness advantages 

“Adaptive fitness can have many advantages, including:  

Physical health: Adaptive fitness can improve balance, coordination, flexibility, strength, cardiovascular health, and bone density.  

• Mental health: Adaptive fitness can help people cope with stress, anxiety, mood changes, depression, pain management, fatigue, and focus.  

• Social health: Adaptive fitness can help people become more social and establish a sense of belonging.  

• Confidence: Adaptive fitness can boost confidence and overall well-being.  

• Independence: Adaptive fitness can help people enhance their ability to perform everyday tasks.  

• Quality of life: Adaptive fitness can improve quality of life for people with physical disabilities.” [3]

Adaptive fitness is very beneficial for people with disabilities. It’s an incredible confidence booster and can help them know that they are not defined by their disabilities. Disabled persons should be able to do anything they want, including exercise to enhance their health.” ^[1] 

Resources 

[1] https://www.certifystrong.com/adaptive-fitness-training-model-what-is-it/ 

[2] https://coreflorida.com/adaptive-fitness/ 

[3] Generative AI is experimental. 

[4] https://www.trainerroad.com/adaptive-training 

[5] https://www.specialstrong.com/adapted-fitness-exercise-workout-plan-home-or-gym/ 

[6] https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/fitness/chair-exercises-and-limited-mobility-fitness 

“Goal planning isn’t just for the non-disabled. The start of a new year is a symbolic moment for setting new goals and intentions. For disabled individuals, setting some new year’s resolutions can be a meaningful way to focus on enhancing personal well-being, improving accessibility, and focus on continued independence.” ^[1]

“Below are some ideas for choosing a resolution that suits your style, brings positive change, and seems doable in a complicated world.” ^[2]

1) Make Your Resolution Yours

“Consider what you need. Don’t feel obligated to do what is expected. Think about what you need most. Are you stuck in a rut? Try something new. Maybe there is a necessary task you hate doing or something standing in the way of accessibility- resolve to find a way to make it easier. Maybe you feel lonely. Prioritize making connections with others. Remember, you can always resolve to slow down too. Maybe you are already stretched too thin. Here’s your chance to cut back. If you focus on what you want or need, a New Year’s resolution can solve a problem. In this way, your resolutions will feel meaningful and useful, rather than feeling like a chore.” ^[2]

2) Challenge yourself

“Pick a change you can make in your everyday habits, changes you want to make, whether they make sense to others or not. Get an earlier start in the mornings – or, try to get more sleep every day. Walk more – or, start using that wheelchair or mobility scooter you have been avoiding for years. Make a conscious effort to reconnect with family and old friends – or draw clearer, stronger boundaries with people who are toxic for you. Develop kinder, more patient responses to everyday ableism – or, pointing it out and express your true feelings more often instead of always letting things slide for fear of disapproval.

Make a deliberate effort to be more at ease, less awkward or embarrassed about your disability. Don’t hide. Don’t be afraid to let people see your disability. Work to get more comfortable identifying yourself as disabled, and speaking directly to people about your disability experiences.” ^[3]

3) Prioritize Health and Well-Being:

“Your health is the foundation of all your goals. Embrace resolutions that bolster your physical and mental health, such as adapting exercise routines to your abilities, maintaining a balanced diet, and practicing mindfulness. A healthy you are capable of achieving great things.” ^[4]

4) Go Somewhere New

“This doesn’t mean you have to go to a far-off land and spend lots of money. There are hidden gems all around us. There are likely a handful within an hour’s drive from where you live. There may even be some that don’t require a car trip. A quirky roadside attraction, a little museum, or a local park can make for a fun afternoon to remember. Look up highly rated local restaurants or bakeries and take a day trip to eat. Research locations by accessibility to ensure a carefree day. Bring a friend or go alone. Expand your horizons.” ^[2]

5) Leverage Technology for Better Independence

“Technological advancements have made significant strides in aiding the lives of disabled individuals. From mobility devices to software that enhances communication, technology can greatly increase independence.” ^[1]

6) Connect with Those Who Will Help You Grow

Making friends with people with different personalities and interests from you can help you broaden your horizons, explore different sides of your personality, and learn about yourself. Hopefully you’ll do the same for them.

This might mean people who don’t have a disability. It might mean people whose disability is very different from yours. It also might mean anybody who looks, thinks, or acts differently than you.

7) Start a Gratitude Journal

Reflecting on the things you’re thankful for can improve both mental and physical health. Make it a daily practice by keeping a daily gratitude journal—you’ll be amazed at how it can transform your mindset!

“As you embark on your 2025 resolutions, remember the power of a positive and determined mindset. Embrace each step of your journey with kindness and flexibility. With courage and a proactive spirit, you’re poised to make this year one of remarkable personal growth and community enrichment. Here’s to a transformative and empowering 2025!” ^[4]

Resources

[1] https://www.lovedisabledlife.com/blog/some-suggested-new-years-resolutions-for-us-disabled-folks-too

[2] https://www.braunability.com/us/en/blog/accessible-living/new-year-resolutions-all-abilities.html

[3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewpulrang/2022/12/26/2023-new-years-resolutions-for-people-with-disabilities/

[4] https://medium.com/@zacharyweeks/achievable-new-years-resolutions-for-people-with-disabilities-embracing-growth-and-community-in-d7db38dc274f

[5] https://www.thepioneerwoman.com/home-lifestyle/g38114333/new-year-resolution-ideas/

“Air travel has become an essential part of modern life, connecting people and cultures around the world. However, for individuals with physical disabilities, air travel can present numerous challenges that make the experience stressful and exhausting.” ^[1]

“Despite the challenges of air travel with a physical disability, there are several tips that can make the experience a little more controlled, starting with planning ahead. Researching accommodations and contacting the airline at least 48-hours in advance can help ensure that support is available where possible.”^[1]

“The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) have helped make transportation services for people with disabilities accessible. This includes airports and aircraft carriers.” ^[2]

Here are some helpful tips for traveling whether it’s for a vacation, family visits, or business travel.

1)“Know Your Rights!

Check with Airline and/or Airport website for full accessibility information.

– US Department of Transportation: https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer/passengers-disabilities. https://www.transportation.gov/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/traveling-disability Complaint Resolution Officer (CRO) assist travelers with disabilities in resolving difficulties – – Service animals: https://www.transportation.gov/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/service-animals.

Planning ahead and using the guidelines below can help ensure a successful journey. Start with identifying your needs when planning to travel by air and be prepared to ask plenty of questions.” ^[2]

“Direct Flights vs. Stopovers: Is shortest route the best choice for your disability? While the shortest or most direct flights may seem like the logical choice when traveling, there are a few things to consider. If you have a mobility disability, you will want to consider how long you feel comfortable sitting in an airplane seat and the frequency of restroom breaks. As airlines work to maximize space, both the seats and restrooms have become increasing smaller on domestic flights. In many cases the restroom cannot accommodate an onboard wheelchair or aisle chair.  Keep in mind, if you have a mobility disability, you will be the one of the first passengers to board the flight and one of the last passengers to disembark.

This can easily add an hour to your time languishing on the plane. Adding a stopover to longer flights can be a good idea, but you will want to take timing into consideration.  As a rule of thumb always allow at least one hour in between flights to allow for disembarking your first flight and boarding your next flight.  If you need your own mobility equipment while in the airport (as opposed to an airline wheelchair), you need to request that your equipment is tagged to be delivered to you at your layover stop, otherwise it will continue on with the rest of the checked baggage directly to your next flight. A layover can often give you a nice break from the cramped plane quarters and the ability use the restroom but only as long as you factor in enough time.”^[4]

3) “Booking Your Flight: Once you have decided on the best flight and seat for your needs, you should be ready to book. You will want to contact your airline carrier directly to determine the best course of action and for getting the seat that you need. True, in an era where airlines charge you for every little thing, you may incur a fee for booking over the phone as opposed to reserving your flight through their website. Pay it. By talking to an agent before booking, you will learn the best way to get what you need and how to avoid any additional fees. The airline can also provide you with valuable information about how to check in at the ticket counter and at your travel gate.” ^[4]

4) Accessible Transportation to and in the Airport: “Pre-arrange accessible transportation options in advance. Most airports have accessible transportation services available, and many airlines offer wheelchair assistance and other accommodations. You can contact your airline or travel agent to arrange for these services. Contact the airport in advance to request assistance. Most airports offer wheelchair assistance and half golf carts to help travelers get to their gate. Try to give the airlines a heads-up in advance when requesting transport.” ^[3]

5) “Advance Notice Requirements:  In certain cases, an airline can require the passenger to provide advance notice as a condition of traveling on the airline or receiving services associated with the passenger’s disability.  An airline may require that a passenger with a disability provide the airline with up to 48 hours advance notice and to check-in at least one hour before their flight if the passenger wishes to receive any of the following services, types of equipment, or accommodations:

• Hook-up for a respirator to the aircraft electrical power supply;
• Hazardous materials packaging for a wheelchair battery or other assistive device;
• Medical oxygen for use onboard the aircraft, if this service is offered by the airline;
• Transportation for a powered wheelchair on an aircraft with fewer than 60 seats;
• Provision of an onboard wheelchair on an aircraft that does not have an accessible lavatory;
• Accommodation for a group of ten or more individuals with a disability, who make reservations and travel as a group;
• Accommodation for a passenger who must travel in a stretcher; or
• Carriage of an incubator.

Note: If a passenger does not meet the advance notice or check-in requirement, airlines must make a reasonable effort to provide the requested service, but are not required to if delay the flight in order to do so.” ^[5]

6) Traveling with Service Animals

“Most airlines allow a trained service animal External Link to accompany a qualified individual with a disability. Be sure to check with your airline to ensure that your service animal meets the airline’s requirements, including necessary documentation. Service animals may not be allowed to enter all countries and are subject to animal importation regulations, such as quarantine regulations. Your service animal will also be subject to US animal import regulations when flying to the United States. Prior to traveling with your service animal, find out what documents and testing may be required to enter another country and return to the United States.”

• Contact the US embassy or consulateExternal Link of the destination country for information on possible restrictions for service animals and any quarantine, vaccination, and documentation requirements.
• Consult a veterinarian prior to your trip and ask about tips for traveling with service animals.
• Contact destination hotels to make sure they will allow service animals.” ^[7]

7) Be Informed, Be Prepared

“In the United States, the Air Carrier Access Act prohibits airlines from discriminating against people with disabilities. Outside the United States Keep, many of these regulations are not enforced, so be prepared.

Before you book your flight, call the airline and ask how they will handle your needs as a person with a disability. If you are not satisfied with the response, ask to speak to a complaints resolution officer (CRO) immediately and work with the CRO until you feel your concerns have been heard and your needs will be met. Each airline is required by the US Department of Transportation to implement a complaint resolution mechanism, which includes designating a CRO. The airline must make this person available via telephone at no cost to the passenger.^[6]

– Delta Airlines: Accessible Travel Services. Travelers with Disabilities, tell us what we can do best to meet your needs by calling us.   Phone: 404-209-3434.

– United Airlines: Customers with Disabilities can call United’s 24-hour Disability Desk: Phone: 800-228-2744

– Southwest Airlines: Customers with Disabilities can call for accommodations and help. Phone: 800-I-FLY-SWA or 800-435-9792 for assistance.

– American Airlines – Special Assistance Line: If you have questions or want to make special travel arrangements, you can make them online.  Phone: 800-433-7300. For hearing or speech impaired assistance, call 800-543-1586.

– JetBlue – Accessibility Assistance: Traveling with a wheelchair, a service animal or a medical condition? We’ll help make your journey safe and smooth. Phone: 855-232-5463

– Icelandair – Traveling with Reduced Mobility We want all passengers to enjoy a comfortable flight onboard, whether traveling internationally or domestically. Phone: 800-223-5500

– Autism Speaks Taking a Airplane (pdf) A guide for people with autism that can be reviewed before traveling. https://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/Jet%20Blue%20teaching%20story%20final%209-23-19.pdf

– Airline Travel Tips United Spinal Association has information related to traveling by air. https://unitedspinal.org/numotion-airline-travel-tips/” ^[6]

Have a safe fly and fun trip!

Resources

[1] https://www.mni.com/blog/air-travel-with-disabilities

[2] https://www.sralab.org/lifecenter/resources/air-travel-tips-people-disabilities

[3] https://www.mni.com/blog/air-travel-with-disabilities

[4] https://www.abilities.com/community/air-travel.html

[5] https://www.transportation.gov/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/general-travel-tips-persons-disabilities

[6] https://disabilityinfo.org/fact-sheet-library/transportation/travel-tips-for-people-with-disabilities/

[7] https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/disability

“Vision therapy is a non-invasive and personalized treatment program designed to improve the quality of your vision. Unlike traditional methods such as glasses or contact lenses that simply correct refractive errors, vision therapy focuses on training and strengthening the visual system.

At its core, vision therapy is based on the concept of neuroplasticity, which means that our brain has the remarkable ability to adapt and change throughout our lives. By engaging in a series of targeted exercises and activities, vision therapists can help retrain the brain to process visual information more efficiently.

During a comprehensive vision evaluation, a skilled optometrist will assess various aspects of your visual system including eye alignment, focusing abilities, depth perception, tracking skills, and visual processing capabilities. Based on these findings, they will develop an individualized treatment plan tailored specifically to address your unique needs.

It’s important to note that vision therapy is not just for children with learning difficulties or adults with specific eye conditions; it can benefit individuals across all age groups who want to optimize their visual health and performance.” ^[1]

“There are three main types of vision therapy:

• Behavioral/perceptual vision therapy – eye exercises to improve visual processing and visual understanding.
• Vision therapy for prevention or treatment of myopia (nearsightedness)
• Orthoptic vision therapy – eye exercises usually weekly over many months done in the optometrist office.”

“Advancements in Vision Therapy Techniques

• Digital Eye Strain Solutions: With the increase in screen time among both children and adults, digital eye strain has become a prevalent issue. Modern vision therapy incorporates exercises and tools to mitigate the effects of prolonged screen use, improving focus and reducing discomfort.
• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR technologies have been revolutionary in vision therapy. These tools create engaging, immersive environments where patients can perform exercises that improve eye coordination, depth perception, and other visual skills. The interactive nature of VR and AR makes therapy more enjoyable, especially for children, which can enhance compliance and outcomes.
• Computer-Based Vision Therapy: Software programs designed for vision therapy offer a range of exercises that can be customized to each patient’s needs. These programs provide instant feedback and track progress, allowing optometrists to adjust treatments more effectively.
• Neuroplasticity-Based Techniques: Advances in understanding neuroplasticity – the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections – have informed new vision therapy techniques. These techniques focus on retraining the brain to process visual information more effectively, which can be particularly beneficial for patients with amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (crossed eyes).” ^[3]

“How is Orthoptic vision therapy different from the eye exercises my ophthalmologist uses?

Orthoptic eye exercises (also called orthoptics) used by pediatric ophthalmologists and orthoptists, are a different type of eye exercises to improve binocular function (how well the two eyes work together). This type of eye exercise is taught in the office and done at home.” Orthoptics” is a proven treatment done by “Orthoptists” who are specialized eye care providers that work with ophthalmologists. Orthoptists also measure and help diagnose eye movement problems, manage amblyopia (weak vision, lazy eye) and treat small eye movement problems.” ^[2]

“Benefits of Vision Therapy

• Cures some Visual Deficiencies
• Addresses Specific Visual Issues
• Improved Visual Skill
• Safeguards from Future Issues” ^[1]

“7 Eye Conditions That Can Be Treated with Vision Therapy

• Myopia
• Strabismus (Crossed Eyes)
• Convergence Insufficiency
• Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)
• Vision Problems from Down Syndrome
• Autism-related Eye Disorders
• Computer Vision Syndrome” ^[4]

Does vision therapy help with learning disabilities?

“Visual learning disabilities are conditions that affect the ability to interpret and understand visual information properly. Children or adults affected by visual learning disabilities may have difficulty recognizing letters, numbers, shapes, colors, or even specific words when reading.

Reading, writing, and other visual learning tasks can be a significant source of frustration and stress for people with visual learning disabilities. Optometric vision therapy can help address delays in visual processing skills that are required for comprehension.

Traditionally, interventions for learning disabilities involve educational strategies tailored to the individual’s specific challenges. These may include personalized instruction, classroom accommodations, individualized educational program (IEP), the use of assistive technologies, and specialized teaching methods.

While these approaches can be effective, they don’t always address the full spectrum of issues that individuals with learning disabilities may face. By treating the underlying visual problem, this gives the person the “tools” to be more efficient for not only school but everyday life. “ ^[5]

“Vision therapy has shown promising results for many patients. What sets vision therapy apart is that it is personalized to the patient’s needs to improve their visual acuity and alleviate their symptoms.” ^[4]

Taking Care of Your Eyes!!!

Resources

[1] https://www.samyakeyecare.com/how-vision-therapy-can-improve-your-eyesight

[2] https://aapos.org/glossary/vision-therapy

[3] https://visionquesteyecare.com/blog/advancements-in-vision-therapy-for-children-and-adults/

[4] https://www.newbaltimoreoptometrist.com/7-eye-conditions-that-can-be-treated-with-vision-therapy

[5] https://bella-vision.com/can-vision-therapy-treat-a-learning-disability

“The International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD) is observed annually on December 3rd. The theme for this year is “Amplifying the leadership of persons with disabilities for an inclusive and sustainable future.” This theme recognizes the important role that persons with disabilities play in creating a more inclusive and sustainable world for all. It also emphasizes the importance of the participation of persons with disabilities in decision-making processes that affect their lives.” ^[1]

History

“The annual observance of the International Day of Disabled Persons was proclaimed in 1992 by United Nations General Assembly resolution 47/3. It aims to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities in all spheres of society and development, and to increase awareness of the situation of persons with disabilities in every aspect of political, social, economic and cultural life.

Building on many decades of UN’s work in the field of disability, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted in 2006, has further advanced the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other international development frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, the New Urban Agenda, and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development.” ^[2]

Purpose and objectives

“The purpose of the day is multifaceted. Firstly, it aims to promote the rights and dignity of disabled individuals, ensuring they are treated with respect and equality. The day serves as a catalyst for change, urging governments, organisations, and individuals to take concrete actions towards removing barriers that prevent disabled people from fully participating in society.

The objectives of this observance include raising awareness about disability issues, promoting inclusive policies and practices, and encouraging the empowerment of disabled individuals. It also seeks to highlight the achievements and contributions of disabled people in various fields, challenging stereotypes and misconceptions.” [3]

The colour purple and its symbolism – Positively Purple (formerly Purple Light Up)

“The colour purple holds significant symbolism because purple is often associated with dignity, respect, and empowerment, making it an ideal choice to represent the observance. The colour purple also conveys a sense of unity and solidarity, reminding us of the importance of standing together in support of disabled individuals.

“The Positively Purple campaign (formerly Purple Light Up) was launched in 2017 in England by Kate Nash and PurpleSpace, using the color purple to create a visible symbol for inclusion and diversity worldwide and to celebrate the contributions of employees and customers with disabilities.” ^[4]

By adopting the colour purple during this day, individuals and organizations show their commitment to promoting inclusivity and equality for disabled people. It serves as a visual reminder to society about the importance of recognising and valuing the contributions of disabled individuals.” ^[3]

Facts & Figures 

• “8 billion people: world population
• Over 1 billion people in the world have some form of disability.
• More than 100 million disabled persons are children
• Children with disabilities are almost four times more likely to experience violence than non-disabled children
• 50% of disabled persons cannot afford health care
• 185 countries have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
• 7 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) explicitly refer to persons with disabilities.” ^[3]

Spread the Word!

“Everyone can join on social media by promoting this year’s theme.

• Follow us on Twitter @UN_Enable, @UNDESASocial, @UNDESA and on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/undesasocial
• Use #DisabilityDay and #IDPD as the main hashtags
• Other hashtags: #EveryoneIncluded, #GlobalGoals and #CRPD”

Resources

[1]  https://social.desa.un.org/issues/disability/events/2024-international-day-persons-with-disabilities

[2] https://www.un.org/en/observances/day-of-persons-with-disabilities/background

[3] https://www.accessrating.com/understanding-significance-international-day-disabled-people

[4] https://social.desa.un.org/issues/disability/events/2024-international-day-persons-with-disabilities

“The term “adaptive shoes” may not be commonplace, but it’s definitely not a new phenomenon. Shoes that are adaptive are made to provide greater independence and mobility for people with disabilities, limited dexterity or troublesome foot conditions.

These shoes can be adjusted to match the user’s specific needs, allowing them to move more freely and with more confidence.” ^[1]

“Adaptive shoes have features that can help with stability, comfort, and support, and can help people with limited mobility or foot conditions:

• Adjustable features: Features like adjustable straps, heel height, and Velcro closures can help accommodate different foot sizes or swelling.
• Removable footbeds: Can be replaced with custom orthotics or more supportive insoles.
• Stability features: Wider bases, reinforced heel counters, and non-slip soles can help with balance and stability.
• Comfort features: Memory foam insoles, cushioned arch support, and padded collars can provide a snug fit and relieve foot pain.
• Easy enclosure: Features like easy zippers or no laces can make it easier to put on the shoes.
• Openings: Openings can accommodate feeding tubes or medical devices.
• Stretchable materials: Stretchable materials can help accommodate different foot conditions.

When choosing adaptive shoes, you can also consider things like:

• Whether you prefer slip-on or Velcro styles.
• The color or fabric you want.
• How well the shoes fit your foot size.” ^[2]

What Are the Benefits of Adaptive shoes?

“Adaptive shoes offer several benefits to the elderly and disabled:

Some benefits of adaptive shoes include:

• Comfort: Adaptive shoes are designed to mold to your feet and provide comfort.
• Stability and balance: Adaptive shoes can help improve stability and balance, which can reduce the risk of falls.
• Ease of use: Adaptive shoes can be easier to put on and take off, especially for people who have difficulty bending over or reaching their feet.
• Accommodation for swollen feet: Adaptive shoes can accommodate swollen feet, which can be caused by a variety of medical conditions or being on your feet for a long time.
• Orthotic-friendly: Some adaptive shoes are designed to accommodate orthotic inserts.
• Slip resistance: Many adaptive shoes are slip-resistant to reduce the risk of falling.
• Large openings: Adaptive shoes with large openings or straps that completely open can help patients maintain their independence and reduce the possibility of falls.

Adaptive shoes come in a variety of styles, including sneakers, boots, sandals, and dress shoes.” ^[3]

Adaptive Shoes Brands for People with Disabilities

Single Shoes & Different Size Shoes

“Some people with disabilities only need one shoe or require two different size shoes to accommodate their needs. While this may seem as if it is not an option, many companies now offer singles programs or the ability to customize an order for different sizes. Companies like Friendly Shoes and Zappos offer single shoes and different size shoes.” ^[9]

“Putting on and taking off shoes is a daily task many people take for granted as something easy, but it isn’t that way for everyone. While managing all the symptoms of a disease or disability is a huge effort, adaptive footwear can remove at least some of those challenges.” ^[10]

Resources

[1] https://propetfootwear.com/our-blog?p=unlock-your-mobility-with-adaptive-shoes

[2] https://www.google.com/search?q=Some+features+of+adaptive+shoes+include

[3]https://www.google.com/search?q=what+are+the+benefits+of+adaptive+shoe

[4]  https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+zappos+adaptive+shoes

[5] https://www.stephensplace.org/blog/5-adaptive-footwear-brands-for-people-with-disabilities

[6] https://www.amazon.com/stores/SOREL/SorelUniversal

[7] https://rehabpub.com/daily-living/sorel-footwear-launches-new-adaptive-styles/

[8] https://johnscrazysocks.com/blogs/news/john-s-crazy-socks-partners-with-zappos-adaptive

[9] https://lifezest.co/adaptive-shoes/

[10] https://kizik.com/blogs/news/shoes-for-the-disabled